Tumor marker

Tumor markers are biomolecules or substances produced or released by cancer cells that indicate their presence or activity. Common tumor markers include proteins, enzymes, hormones, and antigens. These markers can be detected in blood, urine, and tissue samples, and some tumor markers can help in the early detection of cancer. They are used as part of screening tests. They can also be useful in diagnosing and monitoring cancer and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.

How to use tumor markers

・Diagnosis:

When the values of certain tumor markers are elevated, it suggests the possibility of a specific cancer. However, it should not be used alone but in combination with other tests for diagnosis.

・Monitoring Treatment Effectiveness:

During cancer treatment, tumor marker values are used as indicators of cancer activity and help monitor treatment response.

・Early Detection of Recurrence:

Tumor marker monitoring may be continued after treatment for early detection of cancer recurrence.

Types of Tumor Markers

・PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen):

Used for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer.

・CA 125:

Used to diagnose ovarian cancer and monitor treatment response.

・CEA (Cancer Embryo Antigen):

Used to monitor colorectal cancer and other cancers of the digestive system.

・AFP (alpha-fetoprotein):

Used to evaluate liver cancer and fetal development.